HttpURLConnection 中Cookie 使用
方式一:
如果想通过 HttpURLConnection 访问网站，网站返回cookie信息，下次再通过HttpURLConnection访问时，把网站返回 cookie信息再返回给该网站。可以使用下面代码。
CookieManager manager = new CookieManager(); CookieHandler.setDefault(manager);
通过这两行代码就可以把网站返回的cookie信息存储起来，下次访问网站的时候，自动帮你把cookie信息带上。
CookieManager还可以设置CookiePolicy。设置如下
CookieManager manager = new CookieManager(); //设置cookie策略，只接受与你对话服务器的cookie，而不接收Internet上其它服务器发送的cookie manager.setCookiePolicy(CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER);
CookiePolicy 策略机制解析
public interface CookiePolicy {
public static final CookiePolicy ACCEPT_ALL = new CookiePolicy(){
public boolean shouldAccept(URI uri, HttpCookie cookie) {
return true;
}
};
public static final CookiePolicy ACCEPT_NONE = new CookiePolicy(){
public boolean shouldAccept(URI uri, HttpCookie cookie) {
return false;
}
};
public static final CookiePolicy ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER = new CookiePolicy(){
public boolean shouldAccept(URI uri, HttpCookie cookie) {
if (uri == null || cookie == null)
return false;
return HttpCookie.domainMatches(cookie.getDomain(), uri.getHost());
}
};
public boolean shouldAccept(URI uri, HttpCookie cookie);
}从源码中可以看出CookiePolicy 默认提供了3中策略实现机制
CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ALL;
从源码中可以发现直接return true。就是接受所有的cookie。CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_NONE;
从源码中可以发现直接return false。就是拒绝所有的cookie。CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER;
内部调用了HttpCookie.domainMatches的方法。该方法是判断cookie的域和URL的域是否一样，如果一样就return true。只接收域名相同的Cookie
Cookie实现机制
这样每次在调用HttpURLConnection访问网站的时候，通过CookieHandler.getDefault()方法获取CookieManager实例（静态的方法，全局都可用）。
从解析http的响应头中的cookie调用CookieHandler中的put方法存放到CookieStore中。
再次访问网站的时候调用CookieHandler中的get方法获取该uri响应的cookie，并提交到该站点中。
这样开发人员就不需要干预cookie信息，则每次访问网站会自动携带cookie。
代码示例
本例子中使用到了CookieHandler、CookieManager 、CookieStore、 HttpCookie。
public class CookieManagerDemo {
//打印cookie信息
public static void printCookie(CookieStore cookieStore){
List<HttpCookie> listCookie = cookieStore.getCookies();
listCookie.forEach(httpCookie -> {
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
System.out.println("class : "+httpCookie.getClass());
System.out.println("comment : "+httpCookie.getComment());
System.out.println("commentURL : "+httpCookie.getCommentURL());
System.out.println("discard : "+httpCookie.getDiscard());
System.out.println("domain : "+httpCookie.getDomain());
System.out.println("maxAge : "+httpCookie.getMaxAge());
System.out.println("name : "+httpCookie.getName());
System.out.println("path : "+httpCookie.getPath());
System.out.println("portlist : "+httpCookie.getPortlist());
System.out.println("secure : "+httpCookie.getSecure());
System.out.println("value : "+httpCookie.getValue());
System.out.println("version : "+httpCookie.getVersion());
System.out.println("httpCookie : "+httpCookie);
});
}
public static void requestURL() throws Exception{
URL url = new URL("http://192.168.3.249:9000/webDemo/index.jsp");
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
String basic = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString("infcn:123456".getBytes());
conn.setRequestProperty("Proxy-authorization", "Basic " + basic);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
String line = null;
while((line=br.readLine())!=null){
System.out.println(line);
}
br.close();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CookieManager manager = new CookieManager();
//设置cookie策略，只接受与你对话服务器的cookie，而不接收Internet上其它服务器发送的cookie
manager.setCookiePolicy(CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER);
CookieHandler.setDefault(manager);
printCookie(manager.getCookieStore());
//第一次请求
requestURL();
printCookie(manager.getCookieStore());
//第二次请求
requestURL();
}
}
方式一:
获取Cookies,多个cookie是以;分隔
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.CookieHandler;
import java.net.CookieManager;
import java.net.CookiePolicy;
import java.net.CookieStore;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.ProtocolException;
import java.net.Proxy;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
public class HttpUtil {
public static final String KEY_HEADER_COOKIE="Set-Cookie";
public static final String KEY_REQUEST_COOKIE = "Cookie";
private HttpUtil() {
}
public static CookieStore setCookieManager(){
CookieManager manager = new CookieManager();
//设置cookie策略，只接受与你对话服务器的cookie，而不接收Internet上其它服务器发送的cookie
manager.setCookiePolicy(CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER);
CookieHandler.setDefault(manager);
CookieStore cookieStore = manager.getCookieStore();
return cookieStore;
}
public static ResponseResult doGet(String path, Map<String, String> headers, boolean redirect,Proxy proxy) {
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
ResponseResult result = new ResponseResult();
try {
// 1. 得到访问地址的URL
URL url = new URL(new String(path.getBytes(), "UTF-8"));
// 2. 得到网络访问对象java.net.HttpURLConnection
if (proxy != null) {
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
} else {
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
}
// 3.设置请求参数（过期时间，输入、输出流、访问方式），以流的形式进行连接
// 设置是否向HttpURLConnection输出
connection.setDoOutput(false);
// 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入
connection.setDoInput(true);
// 设置请求方式
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
// 设置是否使用缓存
connection.setUseCaches(true);
// 设置此 HttpURLConnection 实例是否应该自动执行 HTTP 重定向
connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(redirect);
// 设置超时时间
connection.setConnectTimeout(3000);
if (headers != null) {
Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet = headers.entrySet();
for (Entry<String, String> entry : entrySet) {
connection.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}
// 连接
connection.connect();
int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
result.setResponseCode(responseCode);
String responseMessage = connection.getResponseMessage();
result.setResponseMessage(responseMessage);
List<String> cookies = connection.getHeaderFields().get(KEY_HEADER_COOKIE);
if (cookies != null&&cookies.size()>0) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (String string : cookies) {
sb.append(string).append(";");
}
result.setCookies(sb.toString());
}
InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
// 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "UTF-8"));
String getLine;
while ((getLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(getLine);
}
result.setResponseBody(sb.toString());
inputStream.close();
in.close();
connection.disconnect();
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
public static ResponseResult doPost(String path, Map<String, String> headers, boolean redirect,Proxy proxy,String param){
ResponseResult result = new ResponseResult();
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
// 1. 得到访问地址的URL
URL url = new URL(new String(path.getBytes(), "UTF-8"));
// 2. 得到网络访问对象java.net.HttpURLConnection
if (proxy != null) {
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
} else {
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
}
// 3. 设置请求参数等
// 请求方式
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
// 超时时间
connection.setConnectTimeout(3000);
// 设置是否输出
connection.setDoOutput(true);
// 设置是否读入
connection.setDoInput(true);
// 设置是否使用缓存
connection.setUseCaches(false);
// 设置此 HttpURLConnection 实例是否应该自动执行 HTTP 重定向
connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(redirect);
// 设置使用标准编码格式编码参数的名-值对
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
if (headers != null) {
Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet = headers.entrySet();
for (Entry<String, String> entry : entrySet) {
connection.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}
// 连接
connection.connect();
// 4. 处理输入输出
// 写入参数到请求中
BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8"));
writer.write(new String(param.getBytes(), "UTF-8"));
writer.flush();
writer.close();
int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
result.setResponseCode(responseCode);
String responseMessage = connection.getResponseMessage();
result.setResponseMessage(responseMessage);
List<String> cookies = connection.getHeaderFields().get(KEY_HEADER_COOKIE);
if (cookies != null&&cookies.size()>0) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (String string : cookies) {
sb.append(string).append(";");
}
result.setCookies(sb.toString());
}
InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
// 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "UTF-8"));
String getLine;
while ((getLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(getLine);
}
result.setResponseBody(sb.toString());
inputStream.close();
in.close();
connection.disconnect();
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
public static ResponseResult doPut(String path, Map<String, String> headers, boolean redirect,Proxy proxy,String param){
ResponseResult result = new ResponseResult();
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
// 1. 得到访问地址的URL
URL url = new URL(new String(path.getBytes(), "UTF-8"));
// 2. 得到网络访问对象java.net.HttpURLConnection
if (proxy != null) {
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
} else {
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
}
//. 设置请求参数等
// 请求方式
connection.setRequestMethod("PUT");
// 超时时间
connection.setConnectTimeout(3000);
// 设置是否输出
connection.setDoOutput(true);
// 设置是否读入
connection.setDoInput(true);
// 设置是否使用缓存
connection.setUseCaches(false);
// 设置此 HttpURLConnection 实例是否应该自动执行 HTTP 重定向
connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(redirect);
// 设置使用标准编码格式编码参数的名-值对
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
if (headers != null) {
Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet = headers.entrySet();
for (Entry<String, String> entry : entrySet) {
connection.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}
// 连接
connection.connect();
// 4. 处理输入输出
// 写入参数到请求中
BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8"));
writer.write(new String(param.getBytes(), "UTF-8"));
writer.flush();
writer.close();
int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
result.setResponseCode(responseCode);
String responseMessage = connection.getResponseMessage();
result.setResponseMessage(responseMessage);
List<String> cookies = connection.getHeaderFields().get(KEY_HEADER_COOKIE);
if (cookies != null&&cookies.size()>0) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (String string : cookies) {
sb.append(string).append(";");
}
result.setCookies(sb.toString());
}
InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
// 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "UTF-8"));
String getLine;
while ((getLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(getLine);
}
result.setResponseBody(sb.toString());
inputStream.close();
in.close();
connection.disconnect();
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
public static ResponseResult doDelete(String path, Map<String, String> headers, boolean redirect,Proxy proxy) {
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
ResponseResult result = new ResponseResult();
try {
// 1. 得到访问地址的URL
URL url = new URL(new String(path.getBytes(), "UTF-8"));
// 2. 得到网络访问对象java.net.HttpURLConnection
if (proxy != null) {
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
} else {
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
}
// 3. 设置请求参数（过期时间，输入、输出流、访问方式），以流的形式进行连接
// 设置是否向HttpURLConnection输出
connection.setDoOutput(false);
// 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入
connection.setDoInput(true);
// 设置请求方式
connection.setRequestMethod("DELETE");
// 设置是否使用缓存
connection.setUseCaches(true);
// 设置此 HttpURLConnection 实例是否应该自动执行 HTTP 重定向
connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(redirect);
// 设置超时时间
connection.setConnectTimeout(3000);
if (headers != null) {
Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet = headers.entrySet();
for (Entry<String, String> entry : entrySet) {
connection.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}
// 连接
connection.connect();
int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
result.setResponseCode(responseCode);
String responseMessage = connection.getResponseMessage();
result.setResponseMessage(responseMessage);
List<String> cookies = connection.getHeaderFields().get(KEY_HEADER_COOKIE);
if (cookies != null&&cookies.size()>0) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (String string : cookies) {
sb.append(string).append(";");
}
result.setCookies(sb.toString());
}
InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
// 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "UTF-8"));
String getLine;
while ((getLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(getLine);
}
result.setResponseBody(sb.toString());
inputStream.close();
in.close();
connection.disconnect();
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
}
class ResponseResult{
private Integer responseCode;
private String responseMessage;
private String responseBody;
private String cookies;
public Integer getResponseCode() {
return responseCode;
}
public void setResponseCode(Integer responseCode) {
this.responseCode = responseCode;
}
public String getResponseMessage() {
return responseMessage;
}
public void setResponseMessage(String responseMessage) {
this.responseMessage = responseMessage;
}
public String getResponseBody() {
return responseBody;
}
public void setResponseBody(String responseBody) {
this.responseBody = responseBody;
}
public String getCookies() {
return cookies;
}
public void setCookies(String cookies) {
this.cookies = cookies;
}
}